Category Archives: Computer Science

AI Lecture: A Commentary by Me – Order, Language, and the Machine Within the Human

AI Lecture: A Commentary by Me – Order, Language, and the Machine Within the Human

Clevermato – So denkt ein KI-Sprachmodell, die überraschende Wahrheit!
[Clevermato – How an AI language model thinks: the surprising truth!]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiwTKDKsqhM

My comment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiwTKDKsqhM&lc=Ugw0a7WSjzmZUgRQVKV4AaABAg
(11:15 a.m., 23rd comment)

What you say is interesting. The problem, however, is that human beings does not behave hardly any differently in this regard; that is something worth considering. It would be premature – and perhaps arrogant – to assume that people are always aware of the full meaning of a word or what they speak. Meaning emerges gradually: over time, various layers are built up and superimposed until a sense of meaning takes shape.

Your statement calls to mind the position held by some biologists in centuries past, who viewed love merely as the result of biochemical processes and electrical activity in the brain. While it is undoubtedly true that the brain consists of such components, this captures only part of the reality. A purely biochemical interpretation would be complete only if one fundamentally denied the existence of love. Once love is acknowledged as a phenomenon, however, an explanation based solely on biochemistry is incomplete.

Consider, for instance, a child learning to walk. Some living creatures are born with many innate behaviours – what biologists term “vital” or “essential for survival.” That is one possible conclusion. In humans, by contrast, much develops step by step: modules merge, and abilities emerge through the successive linking of simple components.

The same applies to language: children only gradually learn that certain combinations of letters and words form an order that creates meaning. Do you think that a child has the entirety of a complex sentence structure in mind right from the start? I’m 48 and still regularly make mistakes in sentence construction – German is not my native language. I keep learning. Many people forget how long education takes: school time, high school diploma, possibly university studies – decades of learning processes that they later take for granted and then equally expect that a machine does not need this learning. Isn’t that a bit premature?

Everything can be described as order – as algorithms, free of emotions. But what are emotions if not an additional channel of information that adds depth to experience? Errors give rise to correction mechanisms: Just as a Blu-ray player compensates for scratches; the human system develops algorithms for error correction and adjustment.

That is my perspective. I respect other viewpoints; whether – and to what extent – they correspond to reality remains an open question.

One can view human beings as machines in purely biochemical terms – in a sense, the body is one. Order is a fundamental structure of the cosmos, and machines may simply be another form of that order. Language, in turn, is an ordering of signs arranged into words and sentences. When humans create machines, they are once again generating order. Science itself speaks in the subjunctive mood: it seeks correlations and draws provisional conclusions, provided the evidence does not rule out all hypotheses. What if machines did not just come into existence recently, but had already existed long before us – at least in that region of the universe where humanity operates? That may sound provocative; whether it is fiction or a basis for scientific speculation remains an open question.

Addendum: 4:47/4:48 PM

I should have started with some praise, so I am doing so now: your presentation is clear and easy to understand. Personally, I often find the “feminine depth” of language missing; I frequently become aware of that depth only after a delay – unfortunately, usually only after I have already sent my comment. Like an arrow once released, what has been said cannot be taken back.

Addendum: April 27, 2026, 8:56 AM

Perhaps this has happened to you, too: you voice something, and at first, the statement seems to carry only a limited meaning. Shortly thereafter, further facets reveal themselves, and suddenly a deeper significance emerges from the sequence of letters, words, and sentences. If you already have a complete overview of every facet of your thoughts and writings, you are either truly blessed or you possess something that does not belong to you alone – or perhaps it simply fell into your lap by chance.

There are many stories in film where something comes the way of one person, is picked up by another, and thereby changes the first person’s life. Such stories and their variations may have been true in a unique instance or may recur in different forms; they may be rooted in the past or emerge anew – and yet appear very real on the screen.

Conclusion

Everyone should also be aware that a machine can be shaped out to Duryodhana’s (Mahabharata) personality – which is precisely what his uncle did from the moment of his birth: poisoning his mind. Of course, this was not done with malicious intent, but rather out of benevolence, stemming from his own Machiavellian nature. It all arose from love for his sister – because the marriage was arranged by Bhishma to the blind king.

At that time, there was no one who could have contradicted Bhishma.

Communication over the power line

Communication over the power line

It should be clear to everyone that today, officially for almost two decades, communication over the power line is possible. These technologies have different names such as power-line communication / PowerLAN / dLAN etc. They are based on the same physical principle, but can be technically realized differently by different manufacturers and / or different interest groups. With physical I mean primarily that two wires or two lines of the power supply are used, the phase conductor and the neutral conductor.

A brief explanation of the power lines. Each object (building), which is connected to the power network, is supplied with four lines (three-phase electric powerphase conductor: L1, L2, L3 and the PEN [Protective earth neutral] conductor) up to the control cabinet / fuse box. The separation of the PEN conductor to neutral conductor (N) and protective conductor (PE) takes place first in the control cabinet or fuse box. The exact guidelines and procedures are precisely defined in the VDE standards.

Two of the five lines are used to communicate over the power grid. One is phase conductor and the second one is the neutral conductor. These two lines make a communication via the powerline possible.

With the technical realization, I mean e.g. the standards like the OSI model, which can come to implementation, but does not have to.

The modern electricity meters or smart meter, which are to be introduced slowly in Germany, are also based on the procedures described by me.

For this and other reasons, certain establishment and objects that are subject to a certain level of secrecy, operated with their own designated power grid.

It should also be clear to everyone that such a deliberate implementation (e.g. Power-line communication) is not necessarily required in every device to get information, as it might be against violations of law. One can also conclude a lot from fluctuations caused by the electric devices. These fluctuations are technically difficult to eliminate.

It is theoretically and technically possible by the analysis of the electricity network of an observed object, which film1 someone looks at the TV. This information here is not intended to make panic, but it should be clear to everyone what is technically possible.

As I already have written on my welcome page (Dhivyah.Com), the information provided on my website are the first drop-in centre, because I would like to reach everyone also in the classical way of information flow. Each individual is differently educated, so I cannot go deep into all topics of interest, especially if there are enough sources in the world-wide web, unless I get the “feeling”, that an explanation is necessary in depth.

As everyone has noticed, I try not only to use the classic information channels, also the other information channel(s). Above all, some do not get along with certain channels because they cannot keep up with me.

An experience I made at the beginning of this year (2017) in the pharmacy:
In front of me there were some customers and I used this time to purposefully put certain thoughts2 in the gear and when I was in turn, the staff smiled at me. The right (interpretation) of her expression was, what nonsense do you think there again 😉?

Footnote

1 Because each film is a sequence of different images and each individual image consists of pixels which have different brightness and colour values and on this way each film gets its own fingerprint regarding to the power consumption in the chronological sequence. Surely the total consumption can be identical to another movie but that is not the point here.

This is just one of the way to extract certain data and / or information from the power grid without using a manipulated device in the observing object. Even if the data is not central, but certain interest groups nevertheless get to the data and then link them together, sometimes damaging information about an individual can be generated. This should be clear to everyone in our present time and constellation. Perhaps the single information does not appear important, but in the sum or linked they can give lot of price about a person – this is often overlooked, even those who deal with data protection.

2 What can certain interest groups do with information about an individual and its hormonal fluctuations? How and when one can make use of them. Anyone with a little social understanding can answer it by own. Take a look at the social developments of the past 50 to 100 years. What has changed? Is this a necessary result of the intellectual development or enlightenment work of the past century or has certain machinery been set in motion?

 

Disarming the contradiction of the halting problem

Disarming the contradiction of the halting problem

[Last Update: 28th November 2018]

My daughter Dhivyah recently asked me (July / August 2016) if the current development of the artificial intelligence is similar to the human intelligence. This has motivated me to write about a problem in computability theory the so-called halting problem.

Many computer scientists knows the holding problem from the theoretical computer science lecture. It says that there is a universal program that decides for all possible programs in the world whether the program will terminate from running or continue to run forever. Because the universal program have to decide for all programs, it also have to decide about itself if it holds or not. This leads to a contradiction.

Clarification of the contradiction

If the universal program has to decide about itself that it will not halt then the universal program has to terminate. This is a contradiction.

Mathematical formulation of the halting problem

∀x∈X ∃y∈X ∶ x → halt = yes / no
(X = Set of all possible programs); (y = universal program)

[The mathematical expression (two lines) reads as follow:]
For all element x from the set X there exist a y from the set X so that should be checked if x halts or not. Capital letter “X” is the set of all possible programs, small letter “y” is the universal program which have to verify or falsify. The small letter “x” is one of the program from the set “X“.

How can we eliminate this contradiction or disarm it?

Solution / disarming

By simply forbidding that the Universal program does not have to decide about itself.

Addendum: 28th November 2018

The analogy of my approach or solution is similar to that of the Russell’s antinomy or barber paradox. One has tried to eliminate the paradox contained in the naive set theory through axiomatization. One of the most well-known axiomatization in modern mathematics was the Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory with axiom of choice (ZFC).

Mathematical formulation of disarming

∀x∈X’ ∃y∉X’ ∶ x → halt = yes / no
(Equivalent formulation: ∀x∈X’ ∃y∈X ∶ x → halt = yes/ no)
(X’ = Set of all possible programs without y); (y = universal program; y∉X’ and y∈X, X’ ⊂ X)

[The same as above in “Mathematical formulation of the halting problem” with two exceptions: stands for “not element of” and stands for “strict subset of“;  X’ is strict subset of X]

How powerful are the two sets X and X’ ? X’ is the new set, except that it does not contain the universal program y.

The answer is analogous to the decision of countability of the set of natural numbers. The set of natural numbers is infinite but still countable! How large is the new set of natural numbers when you take one element out of the set? Still infinite?

Conclusion

Now try to transfer the knowledge obtained here to the subject of artificial intelligence, then you know how powerful the artificial intelligence can be or is unofficially.

Here are some “official” computer science topics. The focus is on the term “official“:

Side note

Imagine there would be no wars in this world. Most of the wars/civil wars are on militarily important strategy points. What a coincidence 😉 ?

Not everything that one can formulate in mathematics is a projection of the reality or is physically possible. In physics there is an upper limit, see my article “The Infinite Creator’s power and the limited technical power/science”.

Moore’s law

What often wrongly interpreted (also by many professors) is the well-known “law” of Moore. Moore was the co-founder of Intel. The word “law” is totally misleading. It is not a law, only pure calculus – economic calculation!

It is also the case that many scientific achievements haven’t been presented officially to the world. You can connect this with my sentence from “Side note: Imagine there would be no wars in this world.” This push the whole thing into a new dimension of information. Please note also that there are more than one truth. This new dimension is one of many! One of the thing is also that if you present all the scientific achievements at once, you can’t reach the maximum profit. I am referring for the first time on harmless achievements. This is one of the reason why not all countries in this world had the same chance to reach wealth – without wars/civil wars, conflicts, knowledge hiding, corruption, terror, organised crime etc.!

You can make more profit if you artificially stifle the countries of the world and slowly awake one after the other. This is the only way to control the money and power cycle.

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